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Sensing signals of a sensor in digestive tract
Raška, Marek ; Láčík, Jaroslav (referee) ; Raida, Zbyněk (advisor)
Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is a system for capturing images of human digestive tract for medical purposes. The antenna is one of the most important parts of the system. In this report, I present a solution for a system operating in the 2.4 GHz and 915 MHz ISM band. The capsule transmitter contains a conformal loop antenna placed on its outer wall. The planar monopole with a partial ground is used as a receiver. The systems have been verified by numerical simulations with a phantom representing digestive tract. The transmitting modules have the bandwidth of several GHz according to simulations. This allows the antenna to tolerate various effects of living tissues. The receiving antennas have the bandwidth of hundreds of MHz. The path loss of the radio link between antennas operating in 2,4 GHz band is lower than 94 dB for any capsule orientation and location. This does not ensure a sufficient signal strength at the receiving antenna. In contrast, the system operating at 915 MHz ensures sufficient signal level at the receiver.
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The physiological impact of digestive changes in geriatric patients and their impact on dietary and fluid intake
Krotilová, Martina ; Maruna, Pavel (advisor) ; Živný, Jan (referee)
Introduction: This bachelor thesis focuses on the aging process, physiological changes in the digestive tract, and the potential severe problems associated with advanced age that may impact diet and fluid intake. In the theoretical part, it summarizes the most important factors discussing old age and its related aspects. The practical part compares the theoretical research with the collected results from a questionnaire survey and laboratory blood tests. Aims: The main general aim of this thesis was to conduct a search of literature and scientific studies, and then to compare these findings with the data collected in the practical part. It was necessary to obtain the specific changes in the given sections of the digestive tract from the literature and research. The practical part included a questionnaire survey and the results of laboratory blood tests of geriatric patients to compare the diet of current versus younger age and, if necessary, to find out the reasons for the change. Methods: The quantitative questionnaire survey was realized between December 2022 and February 2023 in the Home for the Elderly, Prague 4 Háje and was completely anonymous. The target group were individuals from the elderly population. The questionnaire was based on a professional article by Professor Hana Kubesova. The...
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Potrava násady kapra (Cyprinus carpio L.) v rybnících - analýza obsahu zažívadel.
SÝKORA, Ondřej
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to comprehensively evaluate the diet of two-year old common carp in semi-intensive pond culture from the stage of two-year carp (K2) to the stage of market carp (Kt). The extent to which the carp use natural and presented food and whether its composition changes during the season was monitored. The experiment itself was part of a large-scale GAČR project (Nutrients from Fish or Nutrition for Fish: Revealing Hidden Risk of Pollution and Nutrient Retention in Ponds through Nutritional Bioenergetics of Fish), which was conducted at the experimental facility of the VÚRH Vodňany. The experiment of food study was conducted in three ponds (0.16 ha), which were slowly filled from mid-April onwards, for the development of natural food after being left dry. Subsequently, 150 individuals of carp (337 ? 57 g) and 35 individuals of pikeperch (S. lucioperca L.; W=14.5 ? 38.8 g), were stocked on 26th April 2022 to prevent the development of undesirable fish species. Carp rearing lasted 162 days, during which time carp diet was monitored approximately once a month using the flushing method of Faina (1975). The contents of intestines of four carps were collected from each pond, at each date. At the beginning of the season, the diversity of the diet was high. Zooplankton was the most abundant food component throughout the entire experiment. However, if we consider the size of the feeding organisms, zoobenthos, consisting mainly of chironomid larvae, played a significant role in the diet of the carp at the beginning of the season. As the season progressed, the number of zoobenthos individuals decreased, while the number of zooplanktonic organisms in the diet increased, mostly represented by planktonic cladocerans and copepods. These two groups of organisms also had the highest frequency of occurrence and abundance in the digestive tract throughout the experiment. Along the season, in addition to the increasing abundance of zooplanktonic organisms, the proportion of grains in the carp diet also increased.
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The role of the radiographer in gastroenterology
VOSEJPKA, Roman
This bachelor thesis focuses on radiological imaging methods that are used in gastroenterological examinations. In radiology, machines keep developing, improving and they become an inherent part of practically all branches of medicine. They are being applied in both, therapy as well as illness diagnosis. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The objective is to bring individual gastroenterological examinations closer using radiological assistance and to describe the role of a radiographer during these performances. The theoretical part mainly describes the anatomy of the digestive tract and its pathology. Further on, the theoretical part contains information on the individual gastroenterological examinations, contrast substances and radiological imaging methods. The practical part has been processed using the data collected from the NIS AKORD hospital system. Based on acquired data, tables and graphics were created, using percentage representation. NIS AKORD data has been accompanied by data that I aquired via a random choice from the Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic database. I have chosen a few figures that are linked to both, the area of radiology and imaging methods as well as gastroenterology. The objective is to describe the process of individual gastroenterology examinations utilizing radiological assistance and to bring the role of the radiographer in the above-mentioned performances to a closer focus.
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Information Awarness and Experience of Common People with Food Allergy
Stropková, Romana ; Hošťálková, Monika (advisor) ; Strnadová, Alice (referee)
The bachelor thesis is focused on the problems of the food allergies. The aim was to discover how much the population is informed in this field, if the population has experienced the food allergies, having found the symptoms present on themselves or their friends, family. And finally the awareness of these allergies in a family taking care of an allergic person is studied. In the theoretical part the definitions of the food allergies and similar reactions are explained. It is followed by anatomical and physiological descriptions of digestive and immune systems which are closely related to the food allergy. The causes and symptoms of the food allergies, diagnostics, treatment and prevention are integral to the theoretical part. The importance of probiotics and prebiotics which differs in scientists' opinions and in results of scientific studies is also studied. In the end of this chapter a new antigen and the education of the general public are mentioned. In the empirical part the characteristics of research assignment and methods of the research are described. I chose a questionnaire as a method for data collection. I deal with the results of the questionnaires in this part too. Research shows that the majority of respondents knows what the food allergy is and have an idea of its causes and...
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Receiving Signals From A Sensor In The Digestive Tract
Raška, Marek
Wireless capsule endoscopy is a system for capturing images of human digestive tract for medical purposes. In this report, I present an antenna solution for a system operating in the 915 MHz ISM band. The capsule transmitter contains a conformal slot loop antenna placed on its outer wall. The planar monopole with a partial ground is used as a receiver. The system has been verified by numerical simulations with a phantom representing part of a human body. Low path loss of the radio link between antennas ensures sufficient signal strength at the receiver for any capsule orientation and location.
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Sensing signals of a sensor in digestive tract
Raška, Marek ; Láčík, Jaroslav (referee) ; Raida, Zbyněk (advisor)
Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is a system for capturing images of human digestive tract for medical purposes. The antenna is one of the most important parts of the system. In this report, I present a solution for a system operating in the 2.4 GHz and 915 MHz ISM band. The capsule transmitter contains a conformal loop antenna placed on its outer wall. The planar monopole with a partial ground is used as a receiver. The systems have been verified by numerical simulations with a phantom representing digestive tract. The transmitting modules have the bandwidth of several GHz according to simulations. This allows the antenna to tolerate various effects of living tissues. The receiving antennas have the bandwidth of hundreds of MHz. The path loss of the radio link between antennas operating in 2,4 GHz band is lower than 94 dB for any capsule orientation and location. This does not ensure a sufficient signal strength at the receiving antenna. In contrast, the system operating at 915 MHz ensures sufficient signal level at the receiver.
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Passive dispersal of land snails (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) with focus on endodispersion via birds
Simonová, Jasna ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Pech, Pavel (referee)
The ability of land snail active dispersal is very limited. Despite that, they have colonized even very isolated habitats and some species are able to disperse relatively fast on continental scale. This used to be explained by passive dispersal, especially via birds. Land snails could be transported on bird's body (ectodispersion) as well as inside their digestive tract (endodispersion), but the direct evidence of these processes has been more likely anecdotal. A review concerning passive dispersal of land snails via birds with focus on endodispersion is presented in this bachelor thesis. The methodological aspects of experimental studies, including relevant insights of other organism's endodispersion studies, are discussed. Selected traits of land snails and their avian vectors which can affect success of endodispersion are also discussed.
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Research of vertebrate-microbiota relationship using germ-free organisms
Kubovčiak, Jan ; Kreisinger, Jakub (advisor) ; Hájková, Petra (referee)
Germ free (axenic) animals are individuals reared under specific conditions preventing their contact with surrounding microorganisms. Some of the features observed in these individuals vary from those observed in naturally colonized counterparts. These differences probably reflect the influence of presence of a complex intestinal microbial population in the intestine, which influences important physiological functions of the host body by various mechanisms. Thus, nature of these differences allows to study relationship of the host, vertebrate in this case and its microbiota, which evolved into a complicated system of interactions providing relatively stable coexistence. Germ free research of this relationship is focused on interactions between microbiota and host's immune system, metabolism, morphology of digestive tract and behavior. This thesis provides summary of research outcomes on previously mentioned topics. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Information Awarness and Experience of Common People with Food Allergy
Stropková, Romana ; Hošťálková, Monika (advisor) ; Strnadová, Alice (referee)
The bachelor thesis is focused on the problems of the food allergies. The aim was to discover how much the population is informed in this field, if the population has experienced the food allergies, having found the symptoms present on themselves or their friends, family. And finally the awareness of these allergies in a family taking care of an allergic person is studied. In the theoretical part the definitions of the food allergies and similar reactions are explained. It is followed by anatomical and physiological descriptions of digestive and immune systems which are closely related to the food allergy. The causes and symptoms of the food allergies, diagnostics, treatment and prevention are integral to the theoretical part. The importance of probiotics and prebiotics which differs in scientists' opinions and in results of scientific studies is also studied. In the end of this chapter a new antigen and the education of the general public are mentioned. In the empirical part the characteristics of research assignment and methods of the research are described. I chose a questionnaire as a method for data collection. I deal with the results of the questionnaires in this part too. Research shows that the majority of respondents knows what the food allergy is and have an idea of its causes and...
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